Social determinants of health

Write a description of the article you selected, including the social determinant(s) of health explored. Explain how the social determinants of health contributed to health disparities or unhealthy risk behaviors. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how the social determinants of health described apply to the organizational level of the Socio-Ecological Model.
Support your work with specific citations from the below Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.

Healthy People 2020 defines social determinants of health as the conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Healthy People 2020 has developed the social determinants of health model to integrate social and physical factors that have a significant influence on population health outcomes.
Examples of social determinants include:
Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
Access to health care services
Public safety
Social support
Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination, racism, and distrust of government)
Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder
Residential segregation
Language/Literacy
Access to mass media and emerging technologies
Culture
Examples of physical determinants include:
Natural environment, such as green space (e.g., trees and grass)
Built environment, such as buildings, sidewalks, bike lanes, and roads
Housing and community design
Exposure to toxic substances and other physical hazards
Physical barriers
Aesthetic elements
Policies aimed at improving the social and economic conditions of populations implement the social determinants of health to influence opportunities for individuals to change behavior.
Reference below
Coreil, J. (Ed.). (2009). Social and behavioral foundations of public health (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chapter 3, “Social Epidemiology”
Koh, H. K., Piotrowski, J. J., Kumanyika, S., & Fielding, J. E. (2011). Healthy people: A 2020 vision for the social determinants approach. Health Education and Behavior, 38(6), 551–557.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Martin, S.L., Moeti, R., & Pullen-Seufert, N. (2009). Implementing safe routes to school: Application for the socioecological model and issues to consider. Health Promotion Practice, 10(4), 606–614.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
State of Victoria. (1999). Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Retrieved from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcpdf.nsf/ByPDF/Ottawa_Charter_for_Health_Promotion/$File/Ottawa_Charter_for_Health_Promotion.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Determinants of health.
Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/DOHAbout.aspx

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